Manganese is an essential trace mineral for bone formation and antioxidant defense, but excessive intake can cause neurological issues.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral critical for bone health, blood clotting, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant defense as a component of superoxide dismutase. While necessary for these functions, manganese intake must be carefully managed. Dietary sources within recommended levels are typically safe, but high-dose supplementation carries a risk of neurological issues (manganism) and other side effects. Individuals with liver or kidney problems, or those taking certain medications, should exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before supplementing with manganese. The tolerable upper intake level for adults is 11mg per day.
Key Information
Inside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
1-11 mg daily (depending on age, sex, and physiological state; upper limit for adults is 11mg)
Source Type
natural
Production Process
Manganese is mined from naturally occurring ores, such as rhodochrosite, pyrolusite, and manganite. It is then extracted and refined through various metallurgical processes, often involving reduction with carbon or other reducing agents.
Use Type
Inside BodyPotential Benefits
Enhances bone density, strength, and integrity by supporting bone formation, calcium absorption, and reducing age-related bone loss. Improves overall skeletal health and function, ultimately reducing the risk of fractures.
Metabolism enhancement improves the body's chemical processes, leading to increased energy, better weight management, and improved overall health. This is achieved through optimized energy production, nutrient breakdown, and waste elimination.
Blood clotting is a vital process that stops bleeding after injury by forming a stable clot. It involves a complex interaction of platelets and clotting factors.
Metabolism support enhances the body's ability to convert food into energy, promoting weight management and overall metabolic health. It aids in efficient energy use and reduces the risk of metabolic disorders.
Copper is essential for the function of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a powerful antioxidant enzyme. SOD protects cells from damage caused by free radicals by converting them into less harmful substances.
Manganese is crucial for healthy bone formation by promoting the synthesis of proteoglycans and essential bone matrix components. This supports bone density, strength, and overall skeletal health.
Possible Side Effects
Excessive neurotoxicity involves damage to the nervous system from chemical, physical, or biological agents, leading to cognitive, motor, sensory, psychiatric, and autonomic dysfunction. It can result in permanent neurological damage or death in severe cases.
Gastrointestinal issues include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and vomiting, potentially stemming from altered gut motility, microbiota changes, or irritation. While often mild, persistent symptoms necessitate evaluation, and contributing factors like pre-existing conditions should be considered.
Drug interactions can alter a drug's effectiveness, leading to either increased risk of blood clots or bleeding, particularly with anticoagulants. Monitoring is essential to manage these interactions.
Manganism is a neurodegenerative condition similar to Parkinson's disease caused by chronic manganese overexposure, mainly through inhalation. It results in tremors, muscle rigidity, and psychiatric disturbances.
High doses of oral manganese supplements, especially in individuals with liver dysfunction, can potentially cause neurological issues similar to Parkinson's disease, including tremors and cognitive impairment. This is less common than with inhalation exposure but still poses a risk with chronic over-supplementation.
Scientific Evidence
Aschner M, Aschner JL. Manganese neurotoxicity: cellular mechanisms and clinical consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(4-5):691-705. Erikson KM, Aschner M. Manganese neurotoxicity and glutamate-GABA imbalance. J Alzheimers Dis. 2003;5(6):449-53. ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Manganese. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2012.
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