Fullerenes

Outside Body
Outside: Harmless

Fullerenes are spherical carbon molecules with antioxidant properties, but toxicity depends on form and concentration requiring caution.

Fullerenes are spherical carbon molecules with antioxidant properties, but toxicity depends on form and concentration requiring caution.

Fullerenes are synthetic spherical carbon molecules with potential antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their toxicity varies depending on their form and concentration. There is a lack of well-defined safety parameters and established safe dosages for human consumption. Due to potential toxicity and limited research on long-term effects, caution is warranted regarding their use as dietary supplements. Further research is needed to determine their safety and efficacy in humans.

Key Information

Outside Body Harmful Score

Harmless

Common Dosage

No established safe and effective dosage for human consumption.

Source Type

synthetic

Production Process

Fullerenes are typically synthesized through arc discharge or laser ablation techniques involving carbon sources.

Use Type

Outside Body

Potential Benefits

This benefit reduces inflammation by modulating inflammatory pathways and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in reduced pain, swelling, and improved function. It is beneficial for conditions like arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and skin conditions.

3/5

Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, preventing cellular damage and reducing oxidative stress, which can contribute to overall health and disease prevention. They work by donating electrons to stabilize free radicals and supporting antioxidant enzyme systems.

3/5

Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, reducing inflammation, and promoting overall health. They neutralize these unstable molecules by donating electrons and preventing them from damaging cellular structures.

3/5

Neuroprotective effects safeguard brain cells from damage, potentially improving cognitive function and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. This is achieved through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuronal survival support mechanisms.

2/5

Reishi mushrooms contain triterpenes that may reduce inflammation by modulating inflammatory pathways. This could benefit conditions associated with chronic inflammation.

2/5

Fullerenes absorb UV radiation and scavenge free radicals, offering photoprotection against sun damage. Functionalized fullerenes are particularly effective due to enhanced UV absorption properties.

2/5

Possible Side Effects

Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions are hypersensitivity responses to allergens, ranging from mild skin irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Symptoms vary widely and are caused by an immune response.

medium
Gastrointestinal Discomfort

Gastrointestinal discomfort includes nausea, bloating, and diarrhea, typically mild and transient. Symptoms are often dose-dependent and vary in severity.

low
Potential Toxicity

Fullerenes can exhibit toxicity, particularly at high doses, potentially causing liver and lung damage. Water-insoluble forms may aggregate, increasing adverse effects.

medium
medium

Scientific Evidence

Research articles on fullerene synthesis, antioxidant activity, neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and toxicity studies of various fullerene formulations.

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