N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a glutathione precursor, used as a mucolytic and acetaminophen overdose antidote.
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid L-cysteine, primarily utilized as a glutathione precursor to bolster antioxidant defenses and detoxification processes. Its established uses include mucolytic action for respiratory ailments and serving as a crucial antidote for acetaminophen overdose. Emerging research explores its potential in supporting mental health and fertility. While generally considered safe, common side effects include gastrointestinal distress, and individuals should consult healthcare providers before use, especially those with pre-existing conditions or taking other medications.
Key Information
Inside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
600-1800mg daily, typically divided into multiple doses
Source Type
synthetic
Production Process
NAC is synthesized through the acetylation of L-cysteine, a naturally occurring amino acid. This involves adding an acetyl group to the amino group of L-cysteine.
Use Type
Inside BodyPotential Benefits
Antioxidant support protects cells from damage by neutralizing free radicals, supporting immune function, and reducing inflammation. It contributes to overall health and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Supports healthy respiratory function by improving lung capacity, reducing airway inflammation, and promoting efficient mucus clearance. It also helps to mitigate the impact of environmental factors on the respiratory system.
This benefit supports liver function by promoting detoxification, cell regeneration, and reducing inflammation. A healthy liver is essential for various metabolic processes and overall well-being.
NAC breaks down mucus in the respiratory system, making it easier to cough up and clear airways. This action is beneficial for individuals with conditions like bronchitis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis.
NAC is used to treat acetaminophen overdose by replenishing glutathione levels and preventing liver damage. Early administration is crucial for optimal effectiveness.
NAC may improve mental health conditions like OCD, depression, and addiction by modulating glutamate levels in the brain. It is thought to reduce oxidative stress and balance neurotransmitter activity.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may improve fertility by enhancing sperm quality in men and improving ovulation in women with PCOS through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It aims to improve the body's environment for conception.
Possible Side Effects
Headache is pain in the head ranging from mild to severe, potentially with nausea, light/sound sensitivity, or dizziness. It can be caused by tension, dehydration, stress, or medication side effects, and persistent headaches require medical evaluation.
Nausea is an unpleasant sensation of stomach unease, often preceding vomiting, caused by various factors like medications or infections. Prolonged nausea can lead to complications like dehydration.
Allergic reactions are hypersensitivity responses to allergens, ranging from mild skin irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Symptoms vary widely and are caused by an immune response.
Gastrointestinal issues include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and vomiting, potentially stemming from altered gut motility, microbiota changes, or irritation. While often mild, persistent symptoms necessitate evaluation, and contributing factors like pre-existing conditions should be considered.
Inhaled NAC can trigger bronchospasm, especially in asthmatics, causing wheezing and breathing difficulties. This involves airway constriction and irritation.
NAC may interfere with blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding, particularly when taken with anticoagulant medications. Symptoms include prolonged bleeding, easy bruising, and potential internal hemorrhaging in severe cases.
Hypotension is low blood pressure that can lead to dizziness, fainting, and in severe cases, shock. Taurine supplementation may contribute to hypotension in susceptible individuals.
Scientific Evidence
Numerous studies available on PubMed and other scientific databases. Key research areas include glutathione synthesis, mucolytic effects, acetaminophen toxicity, mental health applications (OCD, depression), and fertility (PCOS, sperm quality). Examples include studies published in journals such as 'Free Radical Biology and Medicine', 'Chest', 'Clinical Toxicology', 'Journal of Clinical Psychiatry', and 'Human Reproduction'.
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