FD&C Yellow #5 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic azo dye widely used as a yellow colorant in food, medications, and supplements. While effective in imparting color, it is a known allergen for some individua...
FD&C Yellow #5 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic azo dye widely used as a yellow colorant in food, medications, and supplements. While effective in imparting color, it is a known allergen for some individuals, potentially causing hives, itching, and more severe reactions. Its association with hyperactivity in children is debated, but some evidence suggests a possible link, particularly when combined with other artificial additives. Due to potential adverse effects, regulatory agencies monitor and control its use.
Key Information
Inside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
Not applicable as it is a colorant and not typically dosed for a specific effect. Amounts used are regulated by food safety agencies.
Source Type
synthetic
Production Process
Tartrazine is synthesized from diazotized sulfanilic acid and 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid. These components are combined, and the resulting dye is purified and dried.
Use Type
Inside BodyPotential Benefits
Coloring agents enhance the visual appeal of products, primarily influencing consumer perception. This benefit is aesthetic and does not offer direct health improvements.
Possible Side Effects
Hyperactivity in children presents as ADHD-like symptoms including increased motor activity, difficulty concentrating, and impulsiveness, potentially affecting social and academic well-being. This side effect can be difficult to distinguish from age-appropriate behaviors.
Allergic reactions are hypersensitivity responses to allergens, ranging from mild skin irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Symptoms vary widely and are caused by an immune response.
Hyperactivity involves excessive activity, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating. It can be a side effect of medications or substances and may disrupt daily activities.
Asthma as a side effect involves the onset or worsening of asthma symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath, potentially requiring hospitalization. This can be due to allergic reactions or direct airway irritation.
Scientific Evidence
https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/color-additives-history; https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3844; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17825405/
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