Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside in the body involved in various physiological processes, including energy transfer (as part of ATP), signal transduction, and neuromodulation. It is used...
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside in the body involved in various physiological processes, including energy transfer (as part of ATP), signal transduction, and neuromodulation. It is used medically as an intravenous medication to treat certain heart rhythm problems, specifically paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). Research suggests potential benefits in cardioprotection, sleep regulation, and pain relief, but further investigation is needed. Oral adenosine supplementation is not well-defined, and its efficacy and safety require more study. Intravenous administration of adenosine can cause several side effects, including flushing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and, in rare cases, more serious complications.
Key Information
Outside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
Dosage varies greatly depending on the application. For paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a typical initial dose is 6mg administered intravenously, followed by 12mg if needed. Oral supplementation dosages are not well-established and vary significantly.
Source Type
natural
Production Process
Adenosine is naturally produced in the body as a component of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and other nucleotides. For supplemental use, it can be produced through chemical synthesis or enzymatic conversion of related compounds like inosine.
Use Type
Outside BodyPotential Benefits
Pain relief aims to reduce physical discomfort from injury, inflammation, or underlying conditions by blocking pain signals, reducing inflammation, or altering pain perception, thus improving quality of life. It allows individuals to perform daily activities with more comfort.
Adenosine rapidly converts PSVT to sinus rhythm by slowing conduction through the AV node. This helps restore normal heart rhythm in patients experiencing PSVT.
Adenosine shows potential to protect the heart from damage during periods of reduced blood flow and subsequent restoration. This protection likely involves reducing inflammation and cellular damage within the heart.
Adenosine accumulation during wakefulness promotes sleepiness. This natural process helps regulate sleep homeostasis, ensuring a healthy balance between wake and sleep.
Possible Side Effects
Dizziness is a sensation of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or vertigo that can arise from multiple causes. It can lead to falls or loss of consciousness in some cases.
Headache is pain in the head ranging from mild to severe, potentially with nausea, light/sound sensitivity, or dizziness. It can be caused by tension, dehydration, stress, or medication side effects, and persistent headaches require medical evaluation.
Hypotension is low blood pressure that can lead to dizziness, fainting, and in severe cases, shock. Taurine supplementation may contribute to hypotension in susceptible individuals.
Flushing is a temporary redness of the skin, similar to a niacin flush, experienced by some individuals after taking NR. It's generally harmless and resolves on its own.
Transient chest discomfort or pressure, usually mild and short-lived. While generally not serious when linked to external product use, it's essential to rule out cardiac causes if the pain is severe.
Shortness of breath is a temporary difficulty breathing, characterized by a feeling of not getting enough air. It can manifest as labored breathing, chest tightness, or wheezing.
Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute. It can be normal for some, but may also indicate an underlying issue or side effect of medication, potentially causing dizziness, fatigue, or more severe symptoms.
Cardiac arrest involves the sudden stop of heart function, resulting in loss of consciousness and breathing. It's a rare but severe adverse effect, particularly concerning with rapid IV administration and in individuals with heart conditions.
Scientific Evidence
DiMarco, J. P., Miles, W., Akhtar, M., Mikell, F. L., Sharma, A. D., Platia, E. V., ... & Ruskin, J. N. (1985). Adenosine for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: dose ranging and comparison with verapamil. Annals of internal medicine, 103(1), 17-23. | Mustafa, S. J., Morrison, R. R., Olson, J. W., & Gidday, J. M. (2009). Adenosine receptors as drug targets for cardioprotection. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 8(4), 247-262. | Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Strecker, R. E., Thakkar, M., Bjørkum, A. A., Greene, R. W., & McCarley, R. W. (1997). Adenosine: a mediator of the sleep-inducing effects of prolonged wakefulness. Science, 276(5316), 1265-1268. | Sawynok, J. (1998). Adenosine receptor activation and pain. European Journal of Pharmacology, 347(1), 1-11.
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