Infection (rare)

Probiotics, in very rare cases, can cause infections, particularly in individuals with severely weakened immune systems. These infections can range from bacteremia or fungemia to more severe complications like sepsis.

In very rare instances, probiotics, which are live microorganisms intended to benefit the host, can cause infection. This is primarily a concern in individuals with severely weakened immune systems, such as those with conditions like HIV/AIDS, those undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressants, or premature infants. The types of infections can vary depending on the probiotic strain, but may include bacteremia (bloodstream infection) or fungemia (fungal infection). Symptoms can range from fever, chills, and fatigue to more severe complications like sepsis or organ failure. The risk is significantly lower in healthy individuals with intact immune systems. The specific strains of probiotics used and the individual's underlying health conditions play a role in the likelihood and severity of infection.