Copper Deficiency

Can result from high zinc intake which inhibits copper absorption

Copper deficiency, also known as hypocupremia, can arise from various causes, including excessive zinc intake (zinc interferes with copper absorption), malabsorption syndromes (such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease), bariatric surgery, Menkes disease (a genetic disorder affecting copper metabolism), malnutrition, certain medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors, penicillamine), and excessive use of copper-chelating agents. Symptoms can include anemia (due to impaired iron metabolism), neutropenia (low white blood cell count), bone abnormalities (osteoporosis), neurological problems (peripheral neuropathy, ataxia), impaired immune function, and depigmentation of hair. In severe cases, it can lead to myelopathy (spinal cord dysfunction) and optic neuropathy. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the degree and duration of the deficiency. Diagnosis typically involves measuring serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and supplementing with copper, typically through oral or intravenous routes, depending on the severity and cause of the deficiency.