Black pepper extract (piperine) enhances bioavailability of other supplements and has antioxidant properties, but may interact with medications.
Black pepper extract, standardized for piperine, is primarily utilized to enhance the bioavailability of other supplements and medications. Piperine achieves this by inhibiting metabolic enzymes. While it also exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, these are less established than its bioavailability-enhancing function. Due to potential drug interactions and gastrointestinal side effects, caution is advised, especially for individuals taking prescription medications.
Key Information
Inside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
5-20mg daily
Source Type
natural
Production Process
Black pepper extract is produced by extracting the oleoresin from black peppercorns (Piper nigrum). This oleoresin is then further processed to isolate and concentrate piperine, the active compound.
Use Type
Inside BodyPotential Benefits
Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, reducing inflammation, and promoting overall health. They neutralize these unstable molecules by donating electrons and preventing them from damaging cellular structures.
Reduces inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and the production of inflammatory molecules, thereby alleviating symptoms and protecting against tissue damage. This benefit helps modulate inflammatory responses and promote resolution.
Aged garlic extract acts as an antioxidant by neutralizing free radicals, protecting cells from damage and potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases. The allicin-derived metabolites are the active components.
Piperine increases the bioavailability of nutrients by inhibiting metabolic enzymes and increasing intestinal absorption. This results in higher concentrations of beneficial compounds in the body.
Piperine may enhance cognitive function by improving cerebral blood flow and reducing oxidative stress in the brain. More research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.
Possible Side Effects
Gastrointestinal upset involves a variety of digestive symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and may indicate an underlying condition if persistent.
Drug interactions can alter a drug's effectiveness, leading to either increased risk of blood clots or bleeding, particularly with anticoagulants. Monitoring is essential to manage these interactions.
Gastrointestinal discomfort includes nausea, bloating, and diarrhea, typically mild and transient. Symptoms are often dose-dependent and vary in severity.
Scientific Evidence
Various studies on piperine and its effects on drug metabolism and antioxidant activity. Examples include: 'Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers' and 'Antioxidant activity of piperine in vitro'.
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